¨Hz ¡`e}e
g`vWª W®H& 1882 1960










v®HT {]¡ lej vê{. vmHT. vOÀx. v±`. vD¾RF|C vÅEv` d¾¨ce Hcxgª* Ox| OHv`C Hõ|F ¹{ÉH# x±#kV fEÃH# fClnHE"" HzmvH#| `Q¿z ®HTC HOÀwAl/ gH±&¼T HQ¨Á| P¼ zcCxzl Hõ|FC Hcl JÏ õéT JQJCC fH#JK| feH QHz U{Al c&{ÉH# ¹pº| v×T c&¼eÉ`PE ¾F^H#"" TE fEÃKddAl HOCÉ` ¹Qvm%C TE fEÀzC¨×Al ¹QKÓ\E HõzW T`T` ¼À[É# H&nlE}V xB CAl"" {]¡ ÀÓU eRAlE v¹|lJÅ c&¼Kdl ¾F^J""

vg&|¿å¼ {]¡T fEÀ±&B ¹QÖmc#/ ¼É]z% FJlC. gEÅK|C KìK|ëE} fEÂp¾ ¹{ÉH# ¨ÃÐY x±#kV CAl"" eRAlC Y^Al v¹|lJÁ c&KdC c&KÉ`H| ¾F^J"" feH QHz U{Al Hg&|¿å¼ JQJC ¹{ÉH#C {]MVE lej g¾KzW y{ ¹zc×Al ¨ÃÐBVE ODJ ªCª W®H& ¨Hz ¡`e}e C|""

¾FV ®HT gmõ {Ò¾. ¹Hlj Kª`¼ v1882 REAez` g&EÓIEÅ z¨HÀV"" fEÀ ¨IÏ fC~ ÉC HJÏK~ ÊT^ ¹zïja OJ£E vÉ+jC vow| OH¨j õIÔ| gJKv^|T"" ¾BEC õo` ¹zUIl MìE OcJ OJ£. õJoJoK|. gdv&K| ¹zÔCçï cR½ cR¼ª* ®¾T zCóm*K| Kv[l"" v±&F UÉeC Ó`R vzUIl ¨³Cª fEÀ±&BT vREAez` YQJ |/v+| |W^Al vKv\| YQH:V/ vë[ Ù`K| guV. Hc+}VC HTÅ` veuH:V zp`u]K~ ¹zKd gÅCm*C Cóm* ¨ÃÐY x±#kV Ge""

vREAez` ¹YQJ |TF`~E fEÀÛ[cV vÉ&±+l |TF`| v+z% ¾cÖl ¹Kv[lE HõzW jJR|C RQ[Ó zmvHV"" HU²¾¡ H&K jvx Y^ª ¹fEÓH&³E xK+^ª* ¹x` OÃJ¼ zhJR ¨À ×H&¼E gÉ` vOEÅ õH:^EeC û+Ie HzR ¹YQJ |TF`~E zH{zHV"" H±&¼T ¨À |lJÅ gÉb vOOHe feH 1914 Å[e vcHÖKVv| ¹YQJ P¼ ¹zH¼º YK YQH:VE e|W^ p¹V"" z^RÏ guT ¼IAl ¹úHz*M excwkV I¾ vOdzõ ¨ÀOÛ[i ÀÓU H 'Pall Mall Gazette' YK éK#õC EÅõ YQH:VE HRo[x vOBI; HO{¨o vnV""

v¨×|K| ±OT vKv^| guT/ Hc+}V ¹T`Þ Ox| HQ{ÉH#. veuH:VEC Y^ gÙVE Kì HRl×|C HO`Ã| HzcHñ z^RÏ v#ÅFV Ò` vzÀÒÒQ gÀww¾ ¨×V"" v±&F T¡E¼| OEÓe| vzÀÒÒQ fe` v+| geÉw|"" geHòC gEÉõÒò ¹fe` v+|E M¾¨| mOcV"" ¾FE geHò ¹fe` v+| eaC BD{ vYQJC véK#õ w¨×Vl OO]¼C ¹oemd Oï¡aV gRMXK| IH¨m%| gd¨mV. gÒHÖV"" EÄ~E. o_{ªEC xeà~E v[Zx gÅR ÉHèV"" vÖoIIl ¹c+}VE. ¹Év_kVE. ¹W^zbVEC ¹VÓabVE M¾¨| vYQI; ¹REçw[o HõzW õo` e{d¾/ YQIª* gm^[w;T vgÂeK{AlC v±OCª*K{Al ¹{¨m%| YQIª* fEoenc+kV I¾ ¹zOW[z Kl"" vmHT ox. vO¡C øez,J f`de vRHJ W`{ ¼¨×BAl ¹OJ¡ YQH:V ¹W^zWlE ¨ÉE vTJ¡|K| HREçw[o vOxn{Al HõzW ÓT| zcj~Al ¾ÉWH#"" vK±&F Y^kY xB Hlj HQïJÉ#| W®H&kV ¨ÉE GC zpÖ[V""

¨À dI ±OT ¹YQJ Y^ªC õob ¾vJj véK#õC vúHz*M zd|öª f¹zªÖ O×"" ÓõC OH^E fEÀ±&BT ¹c+|E ¹v{VK| HRe¨ÓÅ ¹z¼¼±Vl |ÓJ. TE®Jw| vW®H&K| P¼ª xB ¹QÉó fEÃJGKC vYQI;T ¹ïHÉVlE ¼FJ HRÅ[Ó fEÀR|VJ d|[à gJm[VT"" vzH¾T c+| W®H& TET ¹YK jvx jEM_ªC |H#eK~ HõzW GF v&ÉXT. Mx[zcv# ¹QÉw|E y{ g¾c×|T"" vzH¾ Hd;/ ve` KmJ guRn H{¨mVl. vg¡^]kV ±+C v¹É&±+l HT|¨É±l ¾c×J RH| ±v| Kl"" ¨Hz ¡`e}eT ¾FE BD{ ¹H#JK| Ox|E HReHv`C v¹É&±+l Y`®z%E vOn¨T wÀ[ÉVl |ÓJ vQÉw HO[Ã|C HRÖ+E VIHV"" H±&¼T vI¾ x±#kV ¹À[cwAlE en¾C OH^ M½V ¨ÂF. Ów;E HOT{|C HOmÖJ YQJ OY^| xB ¹Qgª× OeH: gJ{¼|T"" H±&F ¾OeIJ/ f¼À` |ÓI;E vOmÖJ me vme HYQJ ¾Jo ¾vJj YK éK#õE HOd]¼K| ¹O[ÖVl"" HgEÀWl ¹®HT Ù`K|C dIT Hóje| OKd| É&±+ ÊTa feH QHz U~ Hõ|FC HWIT |ÓI;E ¹mÖHVl vYQJ Y^ª d¾GE wHO{H| v¹É&±+l vT{¨×Al éK#öV GK""

vW®H&K| ¹ÊO[Vl OJ¡~C |ÓI; ®IRlC OeO\ f¹zeóó c&O× wHRu[jC vzÀÒÒQ ¨IÐY ¼±ÒÏ| vKv[l ¹úHz*M excw ¹vHj õo` gÀ[w|"" v¨IÐY gRMXK| H{¨m%C HQÀKm% z^RÏC e` KmJ ¹úHz*M guT ¼IAl ÓHcyV HOzª¨o BHV"" ¨ÃÏK|T ïÖ[V"" TET fE£ fEÀ ¨IÏ fC~. {Io fM~C H+H:V {Ò¿V ¹c+}V Ox|C KìK|. ¹®HT WIT vzÀ^Ê ®Oí ¾ÉWJ xI w{TET lH: gÅa v¨IÏ fC~ ¹zOW[zl ¹c+}V Rav^ª*C úHz*Mª* ax[| vOKd|. ¹^g ¹GK Å`Ï| OY`{ vOÒv&| ¨` 1914 ¹OÊO]¼ Ò±+תE g¨×V"" w±ÒÏK| f¼dzOV vT{¨×l v±&F dTE{ª* Ò±+× I¾ ¾vJj ¹Mx[zcwª*C ¹¢QIe| ®IRE vRezÒw| {¨mV"" vOÀxC vê{ JºK| I¾ ¹Kv^| e`KmJ guTC HWIRª* Oõ|K+ oÅQ¼ vOeÖ~ ¹zKd. H±OÅ g³RÅ àT` zm¼¹OV"" dTE{ª*lE ''The Woman's Dreadnought'' Ò±+תE ''Worker's Dreadnought'' xI vOc¹T ¹fý¹| ^j¼E gx¿| ÀÒò ÕÅ GKV"" v±&F É&±+ Kv` eH H+Il ®HTC Hcl JÏ WITC fH#JK| É#þ ¹H+IAl ¨ÉFY '|El ¨¾±]| ^j¼' ¹QJ ¼jP` oéJ eT ¼¨Ö#I|""

|ÓI;E vRÖCH`C vReóó| H1924 ÊT^ cSE gS]ME. MEÅE. Te^oC TQ^x glaøE f¹z±ª¨[V vOÔxU| ¹fEÓH&³E OEÓe| ¼eÛKmlEC fÏÓ ¼dcvlE ¹úHz*M éEc gdw;E vYK éK#õC vYK ÓjT OÓHé mÖHV"" vcSE gS]M g&EÁe|]C HzR Oeóó| ¼eHzHl/ gBE fÏÓ gddv& ¹GKlE ¹g¹` OHª¨jC OvHJE lj[| vRlɳ |Ev&| zCÉ[V"" v¹gÀwwºC v¹fe` v+z% jm%aVC z¨IÏ gS]MFV ¹QÀ`ewAl ¹±` JºK|. ÓõC OH^E gÒHÖV"" v|lJÅ gÉb ¹{ÉHVH| ªKW ®IR/ ¹c+}V ¹OT[j Ox| fEÀ±&B vgS]M ¾vJj |ÓJ fEÀQgeïJÉl vR¹~ fÏÓ g±KV"" vgS]ME HzUV f¹z±ª¨[V fK±&FE BD{kV vRÒHjC vRlɳ vzÀÒÒQ wÀ[ÉVl ¹oemd É#xX| x±# zH{kVC gÅCm*kV gï^V""

¨Hz ¡`e}e vTQ^x ®HT Mx[zcx Hlj HReÉU| ¹zdzïVv| oÁe ®IR x±# v&GET/ ¨À dI ¾vJj |H#[| ¹cÖVl H®HT gmõ WIT. Hcl JÐV fH#JK|C õ|aE ReÉU| Kl"" ÉC HËR_l vRlɳC vRÒHj |H{zHl ¹Kv[l vglaø ¹{¹l g&cxgª* ¹óje| ¹Oeóó| õIÔ| Kv`"" fEÓH&´V ¹ª*EezE A`VJ ¨ÃÏ ¹Kv[l mlc# PfH&I HfEÓH&³ VÓ` ¾ïj^J xHl wJÖ[Ö\v| ¨o|. v1922 'Dreadnought' vzwHl Ò±+Öª PfH&I HfEÓH&³ ÖEo fEÀQGE ÖpOV"" v1923 ÀÓU D*|H`C PfH&I gEÅ OGCAlE vRd¨oC ë[ óje| excw vR±ÒÊ| vEÓÓb x±# zH{kV gï^V"" v1932 'Humanity' vzwHl Ò±+ת I¾ ''You can kill me but you cannot kill the thoughts within me'' ¹QHlE ¹ë[ óje~E {Ò¾ gwwJ O`D Oï¡` vRl×| ÓEw` mÀT |ÓI;E mÖHV"" fEÃHVlT lH: d¼Å` PfH&I ¹C|H` gÒ` OGeE v¾ó ge{¨m"" ë[ óje| |ÓI;E vOmÖJC gEÅ JÍnE ]B`ÅE vRdÀÓ I¾ fEÃHV ¾M ¹óje| ¹Oeóó| õIÔ| v1934 v¨J¨J ¹g&|¿å¼ ÅEv^VE zHcz""

v1936 ¹ÖI| óje| ×H&¼E ¨{À` gÂe gvw Éw"" {Ò¾ª W®H& ¨Hz ¡`e}eT ¹g&|¿å¼EC H+H:V vóje| ¹zÖm% gÉaVE É#þC ܤ| HcIT ¨ÃÏ ¹®HT M³yV gxd] . 'New Times and Ethiopia News' ¹zwHlE ë[ óje| dTE{ª* Ò±+× g¨×V"" wà` É&±+ lej vgR`W uEu àT` f¹{zO H{Ò¾ g&|¿å¼l¼E g`vbV v¹Á\ v¹ÉÀH# vÅxo ¾vzE ÊO`"" ¾F Ò±+×C vgS]ME gÉ` vÆ¡z` OIH# v¹K f¹{zO ¹¨×l 'Voice of Ethiopia'/ vgõ]M. vgS]MC vÀc+}V ¹QÉU% HKìK| {Ò¾ jm%` M³yV ±EÅ ªC ¹zeó OJ¡| go^v& Ge"" ¹g&|¿å¼E ¹KìK| |ÓJ g×Àïl/ ¹®HT z^RÏ M³yVE ÅÒõ fEÂgÉXT [Ã"" g&|¿å¼ wà` É&±+ lej ¹óje|E ¨[^ ÅJ O{V"" v±&FT ¹zKd Hjm%` M³x gH#] ¹GKl ¹g&|¿å¼ KìK| çE} F[""

¨Hz ¡`e} HÅJ vZI vzH{{¾ w¨×Vl éK#õ. vóje| ×J¼E fÓ` zz¡} g&|¿å¼E ¹oX Ó²| HRÀ`Ó. g+`|^ET HC| gÉb ÉEjH: H&ɲ ¼ex ¹Kv[lE ¹fEÓH&³E OEÓe| x`z% õIÔ| feH OÛ[il {ÓI g¢IhVl. ÉÀHVl"" feMBE gÉ]z%E HõzW VÓ` I¾ jH: ¼HlE ¢H:I¼H&e}V ¹ïÖ\|E ¹g+`|^EC ¹c#RH+E É#þ vQOHH| cIRª*C ±Im* Oõ|EªE véK#ónC voemd EÓÓb wHO{H| gd¨mV"" H±&F É&±+ ÊTa ¹g`vWª W®H& eOC {]¡ H±OCª* g&|¿å¼ {]¡ feHOÛ[il zdc[""

vg&|¿å¼ É#þ gRMXK|T HøE gõ]MI³TC gõa M[v&¼E fEoenc+ Ò` ¹Kv^|E ¹|ÓJ ÓEU%K| ¾vJj gÖCH[V"" Hjm%` M³yVC. Hc+}V fH#JK|. Hcl JÐV WIT OïÖ` xAW GC O{ÉI;E mÖHV""

¾FV ®HT gmõ g`vW {Ò¾ W®H&/ HeÅd ®O{| vI¾ ¹{ÉHVH| ¹cl JÐV fH#JK|C ¹®HT WIT g¼H+ zH{kVC ÀÒòkV fEÃeÉUI|C ¹BH#T É#þ f¹GK OT×z%E zÉK±vV"" ¹m[lE M¾¨~E ¼E |{ÉJH|C |{ÉJv| ¹Kv[lE Mx[zcx jI H±OÅ g³RÅC H¨ÃÏ f`n HH+H:V ¨ÃÏ ±OÆV Ò` RdHõ O[ÖV"" fÍAlE ±`Ózl vRQ[ÓC v¡x` H&mvI;| ïnÀW ¹Ge| ¨ÉFV x±# v&GeT/ g`p gezª¾ JyCª eHO^| vKv&¼|C vH&nlE}V ÇLand of righteousnessÈ - ÇMost blameless of menÈ ¹QJ e¼S MÉUKl g&|¿å¼l¼FV Ò` vg&|¿å¼ HOF` ¨cKV""

vg&|¿å¼ {]¡ lej OÖme HÊO[v| É&±+ ÊTa. H±&¼T g&|¿å¼ HOF` H¨cKV vdI vzH¼¹ Oe¡ HõzW gezªé° gÅ`ÒHV"" feMBE |H#[| ¼JzcÖl. KÉ` ÓE HõzW QC HõzW fE¡xMv+C gezªé° ¼À[ÉVv| Oe¡ YK jvxC ¼É]z% ±OCª* wFJ Kl"" ±OCª* g&|¿å¼l¼E W®H&kVE fEÀ TQ^x ®HT ±OCª* W®H&kV. Y^kVE fEÀ ¨ÉFYC fEÀ^g Y^ vH#J À[Í zmxI |O[T^Al {ÖCAl Kv`"" ¹mÅUl H±OCª* ¹zH¹C H±&¼ gEì` xB OÀKo fEÀQÉwl véK#ónT vzÓwbT vOÓHé gd¹V"" H+H:V ¹±OCª* g&|¿å¼E YK jvx v±` vÔdC vD¾RF| c&Éz%|C c&gÖnJH#|#. fg HYK jvx gEì` Kv` ¹T|ÉOÓOl"" ¹±OCª* |TM`| ¹zmvH W®H& H&K jvw| HRav[cx ÓE²v+ ¹ïHm gezdcx v&gEçw`oT. Y^kA% ±OCª* HOwJ ¹QgÓÃAl g¾F`T/ z^RÏ ¨¾T g¡^]Kz%E OO`O` H+I j¼m, Kl"" ¾BEC x±#kV ñ`j ¹GK gezdcx I¾ ¹zOc[| íEc gdx ¾±l. ÉC vRpjpj I¾ ¼HlE ±OCª* ¹g&|¿å¼E H&K jvx OÀCÉ`C liEx` I¾ jHl| Kv`"" ¨Hz ¡`e}e ÓE fEÀ g&|¿å¼ wH# gÉaV ¹QÉU% W®H&kV ¼IAlE ¹ïÖ^ õIÔ|C lÖ+| vRÅKo. ¹g Y^kV wEÅ ¨o| ¹À[cwAlE VÓ`C gÀÒ vRKèç` fÅHbV OGCAlEC x±# fÏÓ x±# H&W\ fEÀQVH# H¨ÃÐYT HW®H&kVT |CÉ` Kv`"" v±&F xB/ H±OCª* g&|¿å¼ W®H&kV j[| |H#[|C y{ H&cÖ#| ¼JHÊH#| H+H:V ¨ÃÐBVE oÅQ¼ gI|"" ¼Be |lJÅ. TE ¼FJ ¹zH½VC võéT fH#JK| ¹T{TE {Ò¾ OGTE ¾vJj f¹z[à Oj~J""

HKìK| vdI v1944 vgÂe gvwC gMwv&l ¼H#|E |TM`| v+}V e|ÔvX ¾vJj |H#[~ v¨×| W®H&kV I¾ Kv`"" dIT ¨À gÉb zOJd. v¼Ò×Ql v¹OeH# ¾WHje ¹Kv\ ¨×| g&|¿å¼l¼E zR]ªV |[à Kv`"" gEÀWlC ªKWl ¹gBe ³KWlC zªm*l S|` g`z*e| gï¨`o z¡H+ Kl"" JÍn ]B`Å 'Sylvia Pankhurst Artist and Crusader'" vQHl OéKñ ''One of the Ethiopian students in whose education she took a close intrest in this period was, perhaps significantly, Afewerk Tekle,a budding artist whose juvenile work she had been shown while inspecting his school during her visit to Ethiopia in 1944'' vRH| éóJ""

¹RQÅE OKEÂe |TF`| fEÂR` ¨À fEÓH&³ ¹zIHl gï¨`o. vQgïo[l ¹YQJ P¼ fEÂWHjE geïIÉ&lE BH# vRÅ[Ó [Å{HV"" gï¨`o |TF`z%E c&Û`e ¨À gÉ\ vOOHe gÉ\EC ¨ÉeE vWHÖKv| P¼ gEÂLÉHÓJ ¹zBI|E BH# gÅ`ÒHV"" fEÀ±&BT gï¨`o vzH¼¹ OEÉÅ vzH¼¹ É&±+ Id¹l f`TÍ HõzW QC zÞl{HV"" v¨Hz ¡`e}eC vgï¨`o z¡H+ OMHJ ¹Kv[l HõzW Om^[x feH QHz U~ ¹p¹ Kl"" x±# ¹QèõH|. vx±# jC| Ox^^| ¼Hv| Kl"" ''Afa Warq was her (Sylvia) spiritual son who would carry on the artistic tradition she had abandoned in her youth.'' ¹QHlE ¹ø|]j¼ aSaE gwwJ HOmvJ ¹QgeVJ ¹zÖnHH jC| ÉC ¨Àò| RMEÅ ¼eïJÒJ""

v1957 gEÅ JÍnE ]B`ÅE e|Å` HJÍn Q±+ fEÂGe ¹O[ÖVl ¨ÉFYE v±`. vmHTC vOÀx ¹QOeI;|E gJKv[T/ W®H& gï¨`o z¡H+EC wHoDlE OEÓez% HRE Kl"" ''indeed she regarded anything other than total dedication to art a frivolity.'' vg&|¿å¼ {[¡ ¹{¨m%| Y^kY/ ¨`Dª*l OéK+| 'Ethiopia Observer' fC 'Ethiopia: A Cultural History' ¹zcUl OéKõ| cò jC{ª* ±Éw vg&|¿å¼ H&K jvw| I¾ go`vªJ"" {|Ol ¹¨Ö#| ¹gï¨`o z¡H+. ¹Éx[ ¡`e}e Àc{. ¹wHoDl OEÓez% HRC ¹H+H:V ±OCª* W®H&kV Y^kV/ W®H&kA% fEÂ{¨m%C jEM_ fEÂgÉU%. ¨×z% |lJÅ ÀÓU ^c#E HR¨oC vYJ×Dl zeó fEÂF[l [ÅzªJ"" H±&¼ H+I vzÀÒÒQ ±OCª* ¹g&|}¿å¼ YQH:V vcòl f¹¨Ö# fEÂ{º f`Ã{ gÅ`ÒHV"" v1959 ÀÓU Ó`Rª* ÍEG¾ ¹Hïz%| ¹OÊO]¼l ¹g&|¿å¼ zR]kV ®O{ª* ¹fÏ Y^C YQJ |`f¾| c&±ÒÏ HH+Il g`vW W®H& fTgQIõ a\¾C Hgï¨`o z¡H+ Ò` vÃXK| OY^~ HõzW Àe{ fEÀc×| zCÓ^HV""

¨Hz ¡`e}e ¹m[lE M¾¨~E vg&|¿å¼ HRdHõ Õ²;E ÖoJI e|Kd ¹YQJ OX]¼kVªE gx^ ¾² fEÀKv[ ¾{¨nJ"" TET fEM; YQJ HOY^| ¹Kv^| HõzW õo` feH QHz U~ ¹p¹C ¹{¹ v&GET. vg&|¿å¼ e|F` YQJ HOY^| É&±+ gJKv^|T""

g`vWª W®H& ¨Hz ¡`e}e H±OCª* g&|¿å¼ úHz*M. g&¢FQC Rav^ª* ea ¼À[ÉVl gezªé° x±# Kl"" ¨Àò| ¹QèïlEC ¹QwHlE HREvxC HOeR| vCõp| fEÖxnHE"" Hg&|¿å¼ YK jvx ¼À[ÉVlT fEÀ±&B x±# vOGe v¹±OCz% c&KÉ`H|C c&èõH| ¾F^J""

g&|¿å¼ª* HOGE H+I TE ¹ziH OGE |VIHF? f¼HV ¼ezR[Vl {Ò¾ g`vWª W®H& c&Jû&¼ øE¡[e| ¹²_ g`w ®O| 1960 v78 ®O| QÅSª OeH[T 27 mE vQHz OemJ gÂe gvw HzR ­[ïV"" ¹mx\ YK Y`®| HC| gÉ^Al ¹{ÉH#C OYªQ| ¹Ge g`vbV vzmv\v| voÅe| YIc+ zïçO"" vÓx® zO_| YK Y`®| I¾ vg&|¿å¼l¼E ±EÅ wHRnJK| ¼ÉUVlE c&Jû&¼ øE¡[e|E. ¹g&|¿å¼ J`}Æ¡e zªMÆ v+z ¡`e|¼E ¨Hz ¡`e}e xI c¹OB|""

Re{ki
¹fEÓH&³ OEÓe| c&Jû&¼ øE¡[e| HfEÓH&³C HOIl c+}V ¹T`Þ Ox|. IÂe Y`­| OÉU| ¼À[ÉVl ÅEo gH#] |ÓI; gJ{¾ xH:| feMBE vÃõE| p½"" gBE vOÛ[i ¹QÉw|E {]Mª* y{ HOej| v³ÓÏ| I¾ ¾ÉWJ""

¹®HT {[¡ c&Jû&¼ øE¡[e|E ¹Qge{ld| ¾vJj v®HT gmõ {Ò¾K~ Kl"" ¹W {]¡ c&Jû&¼ øE¡[e|E ¹QgKd| HW vO{ÉI; xB d¾GE Hcl JÐV cIT. KìK|C fH#JK| wÀ[ÉVl |ÓJ àT` Kl"" ¾FEET ÉC Áa glmE HÊÓFV g`vbV fC| gw}BVE fH#J ¹QÉw|E y{ cjzC{J""

gBE ÀÓU ¾vJj H±IHT ¹W ¹QgÀ`Õ| Re[ÍkV f¼¹E Kl"" eH±&F HEÀE HzR H&pTI| fEÀ{cvl DlJ| vgÂe gvw HzRT fEÂpT ¹QOHH{Al BH# H&gev#v| ¾ÉwJ"" gÂe gvwT ¹®HT gmõ {Ò¾ g`vW W®H& R[ò¼ HzR OGTE |lJÅ fEÂglo HRÅ[Ó H±&F ¹ziH gÒ×Q g¾F`T""

fc¹ É OÅaE
OeH[T 2000

*gp×Ö` fEÀ g+laø Kl""